why did peter the great visit europe? why did peter the great visit europe?

Who was the founder of St.Petersburg Russia? It manifested itself in social custom, in craft practice and in ships and naval organization. The Grand Embassy (Russian: , romanized: Velkoye poslstvo) was a Russian diplomatic mission to Western Europe from March 9, 1697 to August 25, 1698 led by Peter the Great. Which reform did both Maria Theresa of Austria and Frederick II of Prussia make? why did peter the great visit europe?do doctors get pay for refills on prescriptions why did peter the great visit europe? Why was the pope a powerful figure in medieval Europe? During the early years of his rule, Peter travelled undercover to Europe, where he grew fond of European traditions and was determined to implement them in Russia. What were Peter the Greats accomplishments? Why did Britain join the Concert of Europe? When Fyodor died childless in 1682, a fierce struggle for power ensued between the Miloslavskys and the Naryshkins: the former wanted to put Fyodors brother, the delicate and feebleminded Ivan V, on the throne; the Naryshkins stood for the healthy and intelligent Peter. 5 reasons the first Russian Emperor is remembered as an outstanding statesman to this day. [5] By February, the English king inquired "en plaine cour" on the date of Peter's departure after tactics of cutting the Russians daily allowances and denying their requests for horse and a carriage didn't work. He is known for having turned his country, which was relatively underdeveloped at the time, into a major European power. Determined to learn from his rivals, Peter visited Holland and England, where he toured shipyards, examined new military equipment, and observed western customs. Peter the Great Strives to Modernize Russia . The Grand Embassy had to limit itself to acquiring different equipment and hiring foreign specialists especially in military and naval affairs. Peter who became Czar in 1683 had the task of modernizing a crude nation which was hugely behind Western Europe in education . In 1721, when the Russian Governing Senate appointed Peter the first Russian Emperor, also bestowing on him the title of The Great, it was done because of his outstanding achievements as a statesman. He studied the English techniques of city-building. PLEASE HELP!! Why did East Germany build the Berlin Wall? Author of. It's amazing he lived as long as he did. Home/14 colony lane, bratenahl/ why did peter the great visit europe? Tsar Peter (1672-1725) was an exceptional character. But St. Petersburg, as its creator indeed planned, became a city that was European-looking and organized in a European way, which helped achieve another important goal of Peters reign. Peter understood that he needed a new big city where his new kind of noblemen would mingle with each other, compete, and create a new social network. Why did Peter the Great go on the Great Embassy? Although at first denying audience to them,[9] Peter eventually took interest in the Quakers. Palacefrom 9.00 am to 5.30 pmClosed on Mondays, Estate of Trianonfrom 12.00 pm to 5.30 pmClosed on Mondays, + 33 1 30 83 78 00price of a call to France. In the last years of the seventeenth century, Peter the Great had visited Western Europe and begun to dream of building a magnificent city along European lines. Why did Peter the Great pursue Westernization? Also for citizens, traditional Russian dress was banned completely. After living in St. Petersburg for 2 months this summer, and visiting Moscow and Novgorod, the difference between the "modern" city of Petersburg, and the older Russian cities was obvious. Peters father, Tsar Alexis, died when Peter was four years old. He founded a new capital in 1703 - Saint Petersburg - which was meant to become a symbol of the new Russia. Double points!!! The Russian czar eventually picked a date in end of April. In his desire for an alliance, Peter was prepared to support William in the Nine Years' War against France even though the final treaty would be signed nine days later.[2]. Why did Peter the Great have the city of St Petersburg built? Obviously, these people were not always talented nor brave. However, the inspiration for educational Determined to learn from his rivals, Peter visited Holland and England, where he toured shipyards, examined new military equipment, and observed western customs. What was Peter the Greats trip to Western Europe called? Thank you, Super Girl!! Why did Peter the Great visit Western Europe quizlet? Peter suffered from bladder and urinary-tract problems, and in January 1725 [Old Style] he began having trouble urinating. This time, it was Versailles that inspired him. At the same time, Russia desperately needed access to the sea and new trade ties with Europe. Why did Alcuin call Charlemagne Europe pater? Why were Clovis and Charlemagne historically significant to Western Civilization? Imagined from fragments and historical testimonies, this tale recounts the siamese embassy's journey to meet Louis XIV in 1686. The Grand Embassy (Russian: , romanized:Velkoye posl'stvo) was a Russian diplomatic mission to Western Europe from 9 March 1697 to 25 August 1698 led by Peter the Great. Most of the former wealthy boyar families were situated in and around Moscow. At 6feet 8inches (2.03m) Peter was one of the tallest men in Europe, a fact very hard to disguise. Yep just took it its correct, @super girl. In 1689 Peter wed Eudoxia, but the marriage ended in 1698. Quick Answer: How To Travel Western Europe, Quick Answer: Where To Travel In Western Europe, Quick Answer: How To Travel Around Western Europe Cheap, How Many People Have Hiked The Great Western Loop. What were Peter the Great's domestic reforms? By the Russo-Turkish Peace of Constantinople (Istanbul, 1700) he retained possession of Azov. 2.c At the age of ten, Peter and his half-brother Ivan V both shared the title of tsar after their father had passed away. historylearningsite.co.uk. Peter the Great was the first Russian Tsar to visit European countries. Russians were forced to surrender and lost all their artillery to the Swedes. Under his supervision, a new law and state system was built in Russia. A C C IS DA ANSWER literacy tests Why did European leaders hold the Berlin Conference? They subleased the house from John Benbow, who was at the time renting the house from John Evelyn. Grand Embassy: A Russian diplomatic mission sent to Western Europe in 1697-1698 by Peter the Great. For such a famous visit, Peter the Great's stay in London in 1698 seems to be surrounded by confusion and apocryphal tales (this article from the Torygraph retails its fair share of them), from the misplaced plaque that once adorned 15 Buckingham Street, several streets away from where he actually stayed on his arrival, to stories of meetings with Isaac Newton, Christopher Wren, and Edmund . All this left an ineradicable impression on the young tsar and determined his negative attitude toward the streltsy. Peter I the Great introduced autocracy in Russia and played a major role in introducing his country to the European state system. The Tsar was won over by the child king and wanted to give him his daughterin marriage, but the project fell through. And although he was a prominent war commander and lawmaker, he also drank heavily and could destroy anybody who disobeyed him. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The men would step out dressed in long, thick robes with tall hats on their headsuntil Peter the Great forced them to put on some pants. Peter the Great made it his duty to give Russia access to Europe via the sea, often referred to in history as a 'window into Europe'. A model fortress was built for his amusement, and he organized his first play troops, from which, in 1687, the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky Guards regiments were formedto become the nucleus of a new Russian Army. False, What evidence and reasoning do you have to support your word or phrase to answer what caused the Haitian Revolution to be successful?. He would put this knowledge to use several years later when he founded St. Petersburg. A. allowing freedom of speech 0 0 Less than a minute. [3][4], Peter met with King William and his court frequently on informal bases, keeping to his preferred method of traveling through Europe. What was Peter the Greats childhood like? The Grand Embassy was a Russian Diplomatic mission sent to Western Europe in 1697-1698 to search for allies in the fight against the Ottoman Empire and to strengthen the economic cooperation between Europe and Russia. He employed both Russians and Europeans as officers, built a standing army of 210,000 men, and formed the first Russian navy. How did Peter the Great try to westernize Russia? The tsar also sought to hire foreign specialists for Russian service and to acquire military weapons. Peter also inundated Russia with foreigners who came to the country to work building ships, serving in the army, teaching sciences, organizing business enterprises, factories and mills. In 1697, Peter the Great went on a journey with his "Great Embassy," this was a very long trip to Western Europe. The curtains, quilts, and bed linen were 'tore in pieces.' Peter the Great (1672 - 1725) reigned over Russia for around 43 years from 1682 till his death in 1725. Officially the Embassy was headed by three of his closest advisers and Peter used a pseudonym throughout the trip, Pyotr Mikhailov, as he wished to be anonymous. All rights reserved by Rossiyskaya Gazeta. While his first tutor, the former church clerk Nikita Zotov, could give little to satisfy Peters curiosity, the boy enjoyed noisy outdoor games and took especial interest in military matters, his favourite toys being arms of one sort or another. He also implemented hardline social and cultural reforms to westernize the Russian elite. Vladimir Putin has compared his actions in Ukraine to Russian tsar Peter the Great's conquest of the Baltic coast during his 18th-century war against Sweden. Owing to his obsession with Europe, Peter ordered the city to be designed like the Dutch capital Amsterdam, resulting in the Russian capital's many grand canals and bridges. If using any of Russia Beyond's content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material. The delegation pointed out that their faith values were hard work, honesty, and innovation. All rights reserved. One notable technology that Peter discovered was the fire hose. Homer Plessy, a black person, was arrested on a railroad train and his case was appealed all the way to the Supreme Court. In the Great Northern War (1700-1721) Sweden opposed a coalition that included Russia, Polish Commonwealth, Saxony, and Danish-Norwegian realm. True Travelling incognito under the name of Sgt. Why did Peter the Great visit the West? 7 For example, Peter's vision of Russia as a modern European . Peter had a very clear idea about the direction of his foreign policy and he needed a strong army to execute this. Why was St. Petersburg so important to the Russian Empire? For the Tsar, learning about naval technology was crucial to his objective of creating a truly modern navy, and Dutch sailing vessels were considered among the most advanced in the world at the time. Portrait of Peter the Great. The Turkish government soon decided to renew hostilities, but the Peace of Adrianople (Edirne) was concluded in 1713, leaving Azov to the Turks. However, in the 1690s, Tsar Peter I of Russia wanted to learn more about the region and its navies. Czar Peter I (later called the Great) wanted to westernize Russia, after he returned from the trip his mother sent him on to Europe. 967 views, 63 likes, 55 loves, 1.8K comments, 86 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Ministre Catholique la Rsurrection: ENTRE 00H ET 01H DU MATIN.. He was eager to borrow European technology, the kind that could give him the army and navy he needed to make Russia a great power. Before Peter became tsar, Russia had no navy at all. He grew up to be a very tall, exceptionally strong man who could instill fear in his subjects. Sophia and her faction tried to use it to their own advantage for another coup dtat, but events this time turned decisively in Peters favour. Why was it so important that Peter the Great have a seaport on the Baltic Sea? In 1701, Peter deemed that land could be possessed only by those who served the state. Why did Constantine move the capital of Rome to Constantinople? Why did Vladimir the Great choose Christianity? Why did Sergei Prokofiev write Peter and the Wolf? A strong army would also make his own position much stronger and free him from the threat of coups. Why did Christopher Columbus sail for Spain and not Italy? poll taxes Why is Charlemagne still an important figure to study? a At Poltava, where Charles XII of Sweden suffered a catastrophic defeat, the plan of operations was Peters own: it was his idea to transform the battlefield by works of his military engineersthe redoubts erected in the path of the Swedish troops to break their combat order, to split them into little groups, and to halt their onslaught. In addition to his military prowess and tactical mind, Peter was a lawmaking genius. Pyotr Mikhaylov, Peter familiarized himself with conditions in the advanced countries of the West. He chose that specific spot because it has water access to the Baltic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. He also visited the Royal Society and the Tower of London to view the Royal Mint. He crushed rebellions with a cruelty and bloodlust that Russia hadn't seen since Ivan the Terrible. He visited Europe to learn new ways of working, and technology. Early in 1689 Natalya Naryshkina arranged Peters marriage to the beautiful Eudoxia (Yevdokiya Fyodorovna Lopukhina). Trust me they are 100% correct. Peter Alexeyevich was born in 1672 and was the son of Tsar Alexei Milhailovich of Russia. He was one of his countrys greatest statesmen, organizers, and reformers. Why was it important that Peter the Great have a seaport on the Baltic? In 1697, when he set out on a grand tour, Peter chose to travel incognito, adopting the name "Sergeant Pyotr Mikhaylov." Nonetheless, excited rumors of his visit spread from town to town, heralding him as a giant: 7 feet tall, brilliant, and only half-civilized. It is probably significant to his development that his mothers former guardian, Artamon Sergeyevich Matveyev, had raised her in an atmosphere open to progressive influences from the West. As a young man, he travelled to Europe in 1697-98 to study new developments in technology, especially shipbuilding. Peter's visit was cut . Why did Richard the Lionheart not take Jerusalem? He removed Sophia from power and banished her to the Novodevichy convent; she was forced to become a nun after a streltsy rebellion in 1698. He met with the heads of France and Austria. A. to get ideas for modernizing Russia B. to make plans for an invasion of Europe C. to form alliances with Western powers D. to establish trading ties with other nations Which reform did both Maria Theresa of Austria and Frederick II of Prussia make? But Peter didnt only make friends with Europeans he challenged the most powerful European state of the time, Sweden, in the Great Northern War. Peter personally issued numerous ukazes (orders) that very often regulated details in the daily life of Russians not only beards, but styles of clothing, and rules of public behavior. Why was Charlemagne important to Christianity? He was especially keen to study the drawing of ship plans. The tsarevich Alexis and Catherine (to 1718), https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-the-Great, GlobalSecurity.org - Biography of Peter the Great, RT Russiapedia - Biography of Peter I the Great, Peter the Great - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Peter the Great - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). At Versailles, the Tsar was more intrigued by the gardens than the palace architecture, which he considered disproportionate. All the floors were covered with grease and ink, and three new floors had to be provided. Why? During his visit, Peter stayed in Deptford close to the dockyards, and paid a special visit to the Royal Observatory Greenwich. The defeat of the Russians at Narva (1700), very early in the war, did not deter Peter and, in fact, he later described it as a blessing: Necessity drove away sloth and forced me to work night and day. He subsequently took part in the siege that led to the Russian capture of Narva (1704) and in the battles of Lesnaya (1708) and of Poltava (1709). The Gobelins Manufacture, for example, inspired the creation of an upholstery factory, andmirrors began to be made in great numbers in Russia based on the French royal mirror Manufacture, despite the Orthodox churchs prohibition at the time from admiring ones reflection. [6], At the behest of the king, Peregrine Osborne, Marquess of Carmarthen (later Duke of Leeds) designed a yacht for him, which was named the Royal Transport. So why are we calling a man like that "great?" It's complicated. After it, Peter ignited fully-fledged reforms in the Russian military new military formations, contemporary weapons, and new field tactics were employed with the help of European commanders and engineers. In August 1689 a new revolt of the streltsy took place. For Russia, the war began with a devastating defeat at Narva on November 19, 1700. Peter decided to travel around Western Europe and learn as much as possible about its culture. Key Points Peter the Great of the House of Romanov ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 1682 until his death. Please tell me what I should put in my notes and help me. A. Fertile Lands One result of Sophias overt exclusion of Peter from the government was that he did not receive the usual education of a Russian tsar; he grew up in a free atmosphere instead of being confined within the narrow bounds of a palace. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . St. Petersburg was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great. Through military might, he expanded Russia - more or less drawing up much of the borders seen all the way up to the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. He was a larger-than-life figure, and he became a legend in his own lifetime. Peter the Great modernized Russiawhich, at the start of his rule, had greatly lagged behind the Western countriesand transformed it into a major power. What was the goal of Peter the Great's western European visit? From an early age Peter was fascinated by shipbuilding and sailing, and always had ambitions of making Russia a major maritime power. Peter the Great recognized that Russia had fallen behind western Europe. How did Peter the Great set out to learn about Western ways? To consolidate this success Taganrog was founded on the northern shore of the Don estuary, and the building of a large navy was started. In 1697 Peter set off with a 250-person entourage on an 18-month journey. A. to get ideas for modernizing Russia He brought all Russian institutions under his control. Why was the Great Western Schism important? (4 ways) 1) they were cut of geographically, no warm water port In planning it and in sustaining it he displayed iron willpower, extraordinary energy, and outstanding gifts of statesmanship, generalship, and diplomacy. Meanwhile, the services of foreign experts were engaged for work in Russia. There, he was appointed the vice-admiral for the Russian Navy and became the most influential adviser to the Tsar for maritime affairs for decades to come. Three hundred window panes were broken and there were 'twenty fine pictures very much tore and all frames broke.' Why did Richard Trevithick invent the railway? Peter was interested in in ships and arms at Europe. An autopsy reportedly found that gangrene had developed around his bladder. He arrived in the Dutch Republic at the start of August 1697, where he worked incognito as a shipbuilder. Peter travelled to Western Europe in 1697 in order to gain support for Russia's ongoing confrontations with the Ottoman Empire. To do that he recognized he needed skills which Western Europe had developed. Why did Peter the Great visit western Europe quizlet? "No one," Peter declared, "is to wear Russian dress.". Then 1. When it became clear that Austria, no less than the Maritime Powers, was preparing to fight for the Spanish Succession and to make peace with Turkey, Peter saw that Russia could not contemplate a war without allies against the Turks, and he abandoned his plans for pushing forward from the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea. 1 ago. Why did Christopher Columbus sail west from Spain? Why did Peter the Great visit Europe? Mobilizing all the resources of Russia for the triumph of his cause, constantly keeping himself abreast of events, and actively concerning himself with all important undertakings, often at his personal risk, he could be seen sometimes in a sailors jacket on a warship, sometimes in an officers uniform on the battlefield, and sometimes in a labourers apron and gloves with an axe in a shipyard. The Russian monarch was suitably impressed by the meeting and attended, unannounced, the Gracechurch St Meeting the following Sunday. He is acclaimed as the founder of modern Russia because of his technological advancement that he brought to Russia during his 42 year reign. The government was now embodied in the Collegiums the predecessors of Ministries; the Governing Senate acted as the highest judicial authority (after the Emperor). William was in Utrecht at the time. The treaties concluded by Russia in the course of the war were made under Peters personal direction. have a nice day! Why did Charles Darwin visit the Galapagos islands? Why did Christopher Columbus want to go to Asia? His entourage included four chamberlains, three interpreters, two clocksmiths, a cook, a priest, six trumpeters, 70 soldiers as tall as their monarch, four dwarves, and a monkey. Peter the Greats stay in France was otherwise successful, and several of the things that had caught his attention were later emulated in Saint Petersburg shortly after his return. why did peter the great visit europe? The marriage did not last long: Peter soon began to ignore his wife, and in 1698 he relegated her to a convent. Drassticley changes Russia. Officially, the Grand Embassy was headed by the "grand ambassadors" Franz Lefort, Fedor Golovin and Prokopy Voznitsyn. To make plans for an invasion of Europe C. To form alliances with western powers (my answer) D. To establish trading ties with other nations 2. Why is Christopher Columbus known for discovering America? Peter was interested in astronomy because of its links with navigation, so he visited the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, observing Venus from the Octagon Room with the first Astronomer Royal, John Flamsteed. This website uses cookies. Peter the Great and Catherine the Great fought wars to expand Russian territory and gain access to Peter wanted to reorganize the army. Having traveled around Europe, Peter realized that Russia was rather antiquated and sought to modernize the country along western lines. I need a hand with this part of homework. The marriage did not last long: Peter soon began to ignore his wife, and in 1698 he relegated her to a convent. The Battle of Gangut, engraving by Mauritius Bakua. the world were located in Europe, to the west, so Peter decided to travel there to learn about ship building and all things nautical. A.to get ideas for modernizing Russia Take a closer look with the unique Van de Velde drawings collection, Join us live online as we attempt to sight the new crescent Moon which signals the start of Ramadan in the UK, Search our online database and exploreour objects, paintings, archives and library collectionsfrom home, Come behind the scenes at our state-of-the-art conservation studio, Visit the world's largest maritime library and archive collection at the National Maritime Museum, The Van de Veldes: Greenwich, Art and the Sea, Astronomy Photographer of the Year exhibition, A Sea of Drawings: the art of the Van de Veldes, The Prince Philip Maritime Collections Centre. Afterwards he went to Amsterdam and with a little help from its mayor, Nicolaas Witsen (an expert on shipbuilding), Peter was able to put what he had learned in Zaandam to use by going to work at the largest shipbuilding yard in the world. Search here. A. C. to form alliances with Western powers WATCH: Black teeth & dilated pupils: beauty standards of XVII Century Russia. All the chairs in the house, numbering over fifty, were broken, or had disappeared, probably used to stoke the fires. Its chief purposes were to examine the international situation and to strengthen the anti-Turkish coalition, but it was also intended to gather information on the economic and cultural life of Europe. As any Russian textbook would have you know, Peter the Great wanted to hack a window to Europe, which meant not just a port and a navy on the Baltic Sea, but also a city that looked European and lived in accordance with European standards. Mathematics, fortification, and navigation were the sciences that appealed most strongly to Peter. Peter's father, Tsar Alexis, had severed diplomatic and commercial ties with England following the execution of King Charles I in 1649. To establish the first Russian Navy. In 1698,Tsar Peter I of Russia (16721725), better known as Peter the Great, arrived in England to learn about shipbuilding and navigation. It remained Russia's capital city until 1918, when by Lenin's decree Moscow was restored to its ancient primacy. Evaluating historical evidence and arguments presented by historians such as Derek Wilson, W. Lincoln, and Robert Massie, show the course of events that allowed Peter to . Many of the most notable were on the yacht that took them to Arkhangelsk.[6]. The Grand Embassy to Europe was one of the crucial and life-changing journeys of Peter the Great. Around this time, he began taking great interest in sailing, meeting . Heavily influenced by his advisers from Western Europe, he reorganized the Russian army along modern lines and dreamed of making Russia a maritime power. He grew up in a free atmosphere and especially enjoyed military games. The tsarevich Alexis and Catherine (to 1718). Peter did not limit his changes to military organization and technology. In 1703, a fleet was founded in the Baltic Sea, and by the end of Peter's reign 28,000 men were serving there, on 49 ships and 800 smaller vessels. His yacht, the Royal Transport, accompanied him on part of the journey as it was set to sail to Russia without him. Petersburg is unique in that it has retained its first residential house. slavery. A. In comparison to the west, Russia was a Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. To get ideas for modernizing Russia B. . He also wanted to study the way fleets were organised, and recruit specialists to travel home with him to help build a Russian navy. This was especially important considering the prevalence of fires in 17th Moscow. He was also invited to review the naval fleet at Portsmouth. History. Peter began his reign at the age of 10. After his reign, Russian industry and armed forces were completely reorganised, and the country became a significant naval power. Why did Alexander von Humboldt travel to Latin America? On the diplomatic side of the Grand Embassy, Peter conducted negotiations with the Dutch and British governments for alliances against Turkey, but the Maritime Powers did not wish to involve themselves with him because they were preoccupied with the problems that were soon to come to a crisis, for them, in the War of the Spanish Succession. His first long trip to Europe took place in 16971698, within the frame of his so-called Grand Embassy, while the second one occurred twenty years later, in 17161717. Why is Pope Leo III important to history? Peter the Great recognized that Russia had fallen behind western Europe. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. c Discover the art of the Van de Veldes at the Queen's House, See the world's greatest space photography at the National Maritime Museum, From fearless fighters to female activists, join us to celebrate the contributions and resilience of women throughout history, Why do artists draw, and what can their sketches teach us about their skills and techniques? 3.c How was Peter the Great so tall? During his trip to western Europe, he looked for ideas from countries like Holland and England, which already had strong navies. ], 1721) the eastern shores of the Baltic were at last ceded to Russia, Sweden was reduced to a secondary power, and the way was opened for Russian domination over Poland. Why did Charlemagne support monasteries in Europe? . A Russian diplomatic mission sent to Western Europe in 16971698 by Peter the Great. He later became involved with the future Catherine I, a Baltic woman who had been taken prisoner during the Second Northern War. trips for future heirs to the crown came from Peter the Greats legendary European copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. In 1712, Peter the Great declared the new city of St. Petersburg as the Capital of Russia, thus displacing Moscow as the seat of government. He viewed his trip to Europe as a journey of knowledge that would have the potential to positively impact the people. The primary goal of the mission was to strengthen and broaden the Holy League, Russia's alliance with a number of European countries against the Ottoman Empire in the Russian struggle for the northern coastline of the Black Sea. [19], On 21 April 1698 Peter left England for Holland. It totaled 305 9s 6d and included 3 for "wheelbarrows broke by the Czar". Kist and the Tsar remained friends for life. Doctors removed a litre of putrid urine, and a fever ensued. After winning access to the Baltic Sea through his victories in the Great Northern War, Czar Peter I founds the city of St. Petersburg as the new Russian capital.