Seeds found in Judean desert are male and female, leading to hopes of producing dates. The experiment seeks to rediscover the origins of the historic date palm population and confirm the date seeds long-term durability, while shedding light on ancient cultivation techniques that nurtured this unique fruit and exploring its potential relevance for modern date agronomy. It is not clear whether there was ever a single distinct Judean cultivar, but dates grown in the region have had distinctive reputations for thousands of years, and the date palm was anciently regarded as a symbol of the region and its fertility. She was planted in 2019. Who would have thought seeds thousands of years old would germinate?!? Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? But the plant went extinct due to waves of conquest and intentional destruction. Most of the dates will go to research, but those that were tasted had, as Dr. Soloway said, a honey or caramel aftertaste., Methuselah is a date palm that Dr. Elaine Solowey sprouted from a 2,000-year-old date seed. Pliny the Elder, a Roman naturalist of the 1st century AD, wrote that Jericho's dates were known for their succulence and sweetness, though he distinguished a considerable variety of them and discussed several different varieties by name. Sarah Sallon, director of the Louis L. Borick Natural Medicine Research Center in Hadassah Medical Center in Jerusalem, led a team that included Elaine Solowey, and Nathalie Chabrillange. In time, Hannah gave birth to a son, Samuel, who was the nazirite that chose Saul and David, the first two kings of Israel, for Gods people (1 Samuel 1). It is interesting to note that the Ezekiel prophesied that in the Messianic era, a river would flow from Jerusalem to the Dead Sea, revitalizing the saline water, transforming it into a thriving ecosystem. [3] Modern studies have been done in an attempt to confirm their medicinal value. SEE ALSO: Bottoms Up: Israeli Scientists Brew Beer With Resurrected Yeast From 5,000 Years Ago. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. Its fruit was a staple of the Judean Desert and grew in thick forests along the Dead Sea and Jordan River valley. Judith and Boaz date back to approximately mid-second century BCE. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. Remove the seeds from the fruit, and wash them to remove any excess fruit particles. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. Arava Institute for Environmental Studies, "New Life, From an Arctic Flower That Died 32,000 Years Ago", "After 2,000 Years, These Seeds Have Finally Sprouted", "2000-Year-Old Date Pit Sprouts In Israel", "2,000-Year-Old Seed Sprouts, Sapling Is Thriving", "Extinct Judean Date Palm Grows After 1500 Years", "1.4.8 The Crusader period and Little Ice Age, 1.0 ka to 0.4 ka BP, and 1.4.9 The Moslem-Ottoman period, 0.4 ka to 0.1 ka BP", "From Extinction to Resurrection: The Judean Date Palm Tree", "Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on genetic analysis of germinated ancient seeds and morphometric studies", "Researchers confirm age of "Methuselah" tree", "2000-Year-Old Date Pit Sprouts in Israel", "Medicinal date palm from oldest known seed planted", "Date palm grown from 2,000-year-old seed is a dad", "Israeli researchers grow new date plants from 2,000-year-old seeds", "The genomes of ancient date palms germinated from 2,000 y old seeds", "Scientists Resurrect Mysterious Judean Date Palms From Biblical Era", "Extinct tree from the time of Jesus rises from the dead", How King Solomon and the Romans Shaped the Judean Date Palm, "Germination, Genetics, and Growth of an Ancient Date Seed", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judean_date_palm&oldid=1142182782, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Articles with disputed statements from July 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 23:58. References to it are made in the Bible, the Koran, and other ancient literature. Dates were one of the seven species listed as special to the land of Israel, described in the bible as honey., A land of wheat and barley, of vines, figs, and pomegranates, a land of olive trees and honey; Deuteronomy 8:8. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The seeds were held in storage for 40 years at Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan.. Masada was the last stand of a small band of Jewish rebels who held out against three Roman legions for several years before committing mass suicide in 73 AD. And though shes just nine-years-old, she carries an ancient heritage., Its possible to divide the world in two: the part that venerates the humble-seeming fruit known as the date, and the part that does not. The seeds were held in storage for 40 years at Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan.[10][11]. Extinct tree from the time of Jesus rises from the dead - BBC Reel The Romans eventually succeeded and by 500 AD the once plentiful date palm had almost completely disappeared, driven to extinction for the sake of conquest. A date harvest from 2000-year-old seeds. The tree and its fruit are mentioned in the Song of Songs and Psalms and featured on coins throughout the region. But then, in 2005, botanical researcher Elaine Solowey decided to plant one and see what, if anything, would sprout. The harvest of the much-extolled but long-lost Judean dates was something of a scientific miracle. How Credible Are the Superstitions Surrounding the Mystical Irish Fairy Trees? Actually, this one came from Qumran -- was found in the caves -- and much to our astonishment, she also sprouted, said Elaine Solowey, the botanist who coaxed the seeds to grow. It included the Jewish Sheheheyanu prayer recited on momentous occasions, as well as the traditional offering and tithing ceremony. The Judean date palm was once common in ancient Judea. (Guy Eisner) Scientists have cultivated plants from date palm seeds that languished in ancient ruins and caves for 2,000 years. This extraordinary achievement demonstrates the kernels' long-term vitality after being nestled in succulent Judean dates, a fruit variety that has been lost for millennia. Both seeds have been dated to between the 4th and 2nd centuries B.C.E. They selected 34 seeds they thought were the most viable. Hundreds of seeds were collected between 1963 and 1991. But the plant went extinct due to waves of conquest and intentional destruction. Nature has this immense power to renovate itself, to rejuvenate itself. Now that the Judean date palm has been brought back to life and its fruit has even been harvested, researchers finally have the opportunity to study if the ancient medicinal claims are true. But now, after 2,000 years, the Judean date palm is back and the sweet ancient fruit has been harvested once again. The tree so defined the local economy that it became a prime resource for the invading Roman army to destroy. The largest and most famous so far has been dubbed Methuselah, but the plant turned out to be a male, meaning it will never bear fruit. Sallon obtained five of those original seeds and gave them to Solowey. (Guy Eisner / Sciencemag). I am reminded of the prophecy of Israel returning to itshomeland before the End of Days, and this resurrected tree, past symbol of Israel seen on shekel coins, seems to best epitomize that ancient prediction. The Judean dates harvested from Hannah have a light brown skin, fibrous and chewy honey-colored flesh, and is less sweet than the popular Medjool date. [dubious discuss] Goor quotes several later, Ottoman-period travellers to the area as to the rarity of date palms, including Pierre Belon, who in 1553 scoffed at the idea that the region could have ever produced the bounty of dates reported in ancient sources. These plants are called Adam, Jonah, Uriel, Boaz, Judith, and Hannah. Sallon has a hypothesis regarding Hannahs ancestors. It played a significant role in the Judean economy for about two millenniaat the least from the fifth century B.C.E. [1] The palm, a male tree, was named Methuselah (not to be confused with a bristlecone pine tree of the same name). Methuselah the Judean Date Palm is still going strong even after sprouting from a 2,000-year-old seed. And it is blossoming on Kibbutz Ketura in the Arava region, 40 minutes north of Eilat. I wanted to see how medicinal the flora of Israel was and what it had been used for and so on. The harvested dates are undergoing study regarding their properties and nutritional values. Scientists Resurrect Judean Date Palms From Biblical Era - Science It has allegedly served as both an aphrodisiac and a contraceptive, and as a cure for a wide range of health issues including cancer, malaria, and toothache. Ages in months at time of photograph (AtoC) Adam (110 months), Jonah (63 months), and Uriel (54 months). Scientists determined that Methuselah was of the Hayany breed originally from Egypt. 1. 3 min read. Exodus 15:27. Photo: CBN News, Error: There was an internal error submitting your form. But these werent ordinary dates. Haaretz.com, the online English edition of Haaretz Newspaper in Israel, gives you breaking news, analyses and opinions about Israel, the Middle East and the Jewish World. All kinds of trees for food will grow up on both banks of the stream. Radiocarbon dating at the University of Zurich confirmed the seeds dated from between 155 BC to 64 AD. Scientists Resurrect Mysterious Judean Date Palms From Biblical Era Methuselah the tree was grown from a 2,000-year-old seed found at Masada. You can help bring hope today! That allowed them to be exported all over the Roman empire and they had medicinal qualities, Sallon said. Their leaves will not wither nor their fruit fail; they will yield new fruit every month, because the water for them flows from the Temple. I clicked on the link from Facebook because I remember date palms being grown and harvested in the San Diego area in the early 60's. . In February of this year, the latest scientific paper published about the germination of these seeds inScience Advances,revived new interest in these dates, says Sallon. Children today are the stewards of this planet. Recently, Hannahs fruit was harvested for the first time. Ancient Date Palm - Arava Institute for Environmental Studies A previous experiment with the seeds produced a single male plant that sprouted in 2005 which the researchers named Methuselah. [13] She challenged her friend, Dr. Elaine Solowey from the Center for Sustainable Agriculture at the Arava Institute for Environmental Studies, with the task[14] and in 2005 Dr. Solowey managed to sprout several seeds, after slowly hydrating them in a common baby bottle warmer, then pretreating them in an ordinary solution of fertilizer and growth hormone. Solowey has nurtured more than 100 rare or near-extinct species back to life as part of a 10-year project to study plants and herbs used as ancient cures. So, in 2005, Sallon turned to Solowey, an expert on arid agriculture, for help. Joanna Gillan is a Co-Owner, Editor and Writer of Ancient Origins. This opens the door to thousands of potential experiments. This has been reissued in recently years as a 10 shekel coin. For thousands of years, the date palm was a staple crop. [26] They may have shared the same wild ancestor. The open hilltop, which is known as the Hill of Evil Counsel, is at the center of a battle that the neighborhood residents, including Sallon, are fighting against a construction project that they say will obliterate it. Tree Grown From 2,000-Year-Old Seed Has Reproduced [19] As of February 2020, Methuselah had reached 3.5 metres (11ft). www.vivaspress.com. Genesis 5:25-27 says that Methuselah lived 969 years! After this process, one seed was found to be damaged and was subsequently discarded. And they came to Elim, where there were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees; and they encamped there beside the water. Thats why we view every news story through the lens of faith. Thank God for the faithfulness of his people though the ages - to leave these seeds, and to find and nurture one to grow. They were widely used for different kinds of diseasescancers, TB [tuberculosis]all kinds of problems., Harvested dates grown on the ancient Judean date palm. While the scientific and agricultural communities celebrated this landmark harvest, only Sallon, Solowey, a handful of the other scientists involved in the revival project and a few kibbutz members got to sample bits of this long-lost variety of dates, last tasted back in the times of Jesus and the Maccabees. Microsatellite genotyping of germinated seeds indicates that exchanges of genetic material occurred between the Middle East . In 2005, a team of scientists sprouted a preserved 2,000-year-old seed, the oldest seed germinated with human-assistance (with the claim in 2012 of a 32,000-year-old arctic flower involving fruit tissue rather than a seed). They are drier and sweeter than the medjool date and taste like natural honey. The dates flavor is similar to medjool, semi-dry with honey tones. Most people know of the great construction achievements of the dynastic Egyptians such as the pyramids and temples of the Giza Plateau area as well as the Sphinx. Fruit of the date palm was considered a staple food in the Judaean Desert, as it was a source of food and its tree of shelter and shade for thousands of years, and became a recognized symbol of the Kingdom of Judah. The eastern ones are all the species from Arabia and Iraq, and the western ones are from North Africa, Sallon explained. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. The Pindo Palm Tree is cold tolerant to USDA Zone 7. Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on In the Shephelah region or the Judean foothills of south-central Israel, archaeologists have unearthed the remains of a Seleucid Hellenistic fortress that was burned by Hasmonean (Judean) conquerors Israeli archaeologists have revealed the secrets behind the Assyrian siege ramp that conquered the ancient Judean town of Lachish. It became the Jews symbol of grace and elegance and was often bestowed by them to women. For example, Davids beautiful daughter was named Tamar. How could it be?" Sarah M. Wells is the author ofThe Family Bible Devotionaland two collections of poems,Between the Heron and the MossandPruningBurning Bushes. [7] However, study of contemporary sources indicates that the date industry continued in Judea throughout the Roman period and that, indeed, the Roman Imperial treasury collected a good deal of the profits. The first leaves were plagued with white spots, which the researchers put down to insufficient nutrients, and it was thought that the plant would never survive. (2015) Extinct Tree Resurrected from Ancient Seeds is now a Dad. Ancient Origins. They were very dry. Germination of 2000-year-old seeds of Phoenix dactylifera from Judean desert archaeological sites provides a unique opportunity to study the Judean date palm, described in antiquity for the quality, size, and medicinal properties of its fruit, but lost for centuries. New Fruit from Old Seeds - Biblical Archaeology Society Solowey planted some three thousand of them on Kibbutz Ketura, where each tree produces around 350 pounds of dates a year. What cured here, she thinks, were some traditional herbal remedies., The date palm has a historical distribution stretching from Mauritania in the west to the Indus Valley in the east. An ancient Israeli coin depicted a palm tree with two baskets of fruit beneath. (Guy Eisner / Sciencemag). In June of 2020, Hannah became the first Judean date palm tree, resurrected from the dust of ancient seeds, to bear fruit. Mother and Child Reunion Of Thetis And Achilles, Seductive Sirens of Greek Mythology and How Heroes Resisted Them, Celestial Goddess Selene: The Ancient Greek Goddess of the Moon, Pegasus of Greek Mythology: Majestic Winged Horse of Mount Olympus, Dreams of Human-Powered Flight: Daedalus and the Story of Icarus, The Warriors Who Shaped African History: The Horsemen of Oyo, Royal Mistress Jane Shore Walked Streets of London in her Underwear, Leonardo Da Vincis Notes Show He Understood Gravity Long Before Newton, Talks Begin on Repatriating Remains of Patrick Sarsfield, Irish War Hero, The Ramessid Dynasty: A Golden Era in Ancient Egypt, Unraveling the Mystery of the Carnac Stones: An Ancient Puzzle of Epic Proportions, Unraveling the Enigma of Aramu Muru, The Mysterious Gate of the Gods. During the Byzantine and Arab periods (4th to 11th century AD) the Judean date palms were barely holding on and the continued waves of conquest and destruction meant that by the 19th century, no traces of these historic plantations remained, according to a study conducted about the trees in 2020. And Solowey and Salone are hoping eventually to add the revived Judean dates to the harvest. All kinds of trees for food will grow up on both banks of the stream. The remaining 33 were carefully soaked in water and fertilizer to encourage germination. For more information and/or interview requests, please contact Institute Deputy Director Eliza Mayo. The tree and its fruit are mentioned in the Song of Songs and Psalms and featured on coins throughout the region. Methuselah is and for a long time researchers believed that this was the only Judean date palm they would ever see. Solowey soaked the seeds in enzymatic water and fertilizer and planted them in sterile potting soil in pots in a greenhouse. Joanna completed a Bachelor of Science (Psychology) degree in Australia and published research in the field of Educational Psychology. Trees are like humans in that you need the pollen from a male tree to pollinate the flowers of a female plant. Theres a resurrection story you probably havent heard coming out of Judea. In Egypt and the Land of Israel, the two species come together. [20], As of 2012, there were tentative plans to crossbreed the male palm with what was considered its closest extant relative, the Hayani date from Egypt, to generate fruit by 2022; however, two female Judean palms have been sprouted since then. The harvested fruit is currently being analyzed for its nutritional value. The date palms are named for Biblical figures. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! Hannah grew for six years, then flowered. Its mentioned in the Bible as one of the seven species found in the ancient Land of Israel. Now you say well, but we see dates all the way along here, palm trees and all the kibbutzim are growing plants. Save the date: Long-lost fruit trees sprout from 2,000-year-old seeds [16] Methuselah flowered in March 2011 and is male. The proud parents are date palms grown from ancient seeds uncovered in archeological excavations in Israel., Not as sweet as the Medjool date, not sticky at all, and with a pleasant honey aftertaste is how Dr. Sarah Sallon describes the taste of a date sprouted from a 2,000-year-old seed., So what do 2,000-year-old dates taste like? The tree and its fruit caused Jericho to become a major population center and are praised in the Hebrew Bible possibly several times indirectly, such as in Psalms (Psalms 92:1215), "The righteous himself will blossom forth as a palm tree does", and date clusters (Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}) are mentioned in the Song of Songs (Song of Songs 7:8). Changes in weather and growing conditions combined with human activity are likely to blame for the disappearance of the Judean date palm sometime in the Middle Ages. Dr. Sarah Sallon came up with the initiative to germinate some ancient seeds[12] and persuaded the archaeological storage at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem to share some. Fifteen years ago, the first tree Solowey sprouted was a male. Plants have been produced from date palm seeds that have been buried for 2,000 years in old ruins and caves. The remaining 32 seeds were planted in a quarantined site at the Arava Institute for Environmental Studies in Kibbutz Ketura in southern Israel. According to historical sources, the taste of them was something splendid. Uriel and Jonah date back to the first to second centuries CE. I too wonder if this is a specific species as date palms have been cultivated forever. Cultivation of dates in the region almost disappeared after the fourteenth century AD from a combination of climate change and infrastructure decay but has been revived in modern times. It was a harvest that grabbed a global media spotlight. Scientists Revive Ancient Trees From 2,000-Year-Old Seeds, Aided by Modern Ingenuity, a Taste of Ancient Judean Dates, Scientists pick and taste ancient dates for first time since the Second Temple, Dates from time of Maccabees & Jesus are revived, bring Jewish, Arab unity, Date Seeds Unearthed From the Time of Jesus Are Revived, Adding Fruit to Jewish, Arab Unity, Scientists grow fresh dates from a 6th BCE seed, What do 2,000-year-old Ancient Judean Dates taste like? After 2,000 years, the formerly extinct Judean date palm was brought back to life by two women scientists in 2005. It is chronicled in the Bible, Quran, and ancient literature for its diverse powers. Israel365 News is the only media outlet reporting on it. These unique dates are currently being kept cool in storage. Judean Date Palm 'Bears Fruit" and Comes Out of Extinction After all, date palms are praised in the Bible as well as in Islam, Greek and Roman civilizations as symbols of beauty, fertility, peace, and victory. Over the past 15 years, a project has been underway in Israels southern Arava region to revive ancient species of date palms germinated from seeds found at archaeological digs in the Judean Desert. ', Israeli Researchers Mate 2,000-year-old Date Seeds, Hope for Fruit, Canaanite Palace Built on a Fault Was Destroyed by Quake 3,700 Years Ago, Scientists Find New Way Climate Change Can Ruin Life as We Know It. Herod the Great was renowned for his ambitious projects and extravagant tastes. Sallon, a medical doctor, started this project more than 15 years ago after becoming interested in natural medicine. Medieval Sea Monster Was Likely a Whale, New Research Reveals, What is Shambhala? Available at: https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/extinct-tree-resurrected-ancient-seeds-now-dad-002838, Hassan, N. (2020) Israeli Researchers Mate 2,000-year-old Date Seeds, Hope for Fruit. Haaretz. The age of the seeds range from some of the oldest germinated seeds in the world - Methuselah, Hannah, and Adam with a carbon date to the first to fourth centuries BC, to the mid-second century BC to mid-first century AD plants known as Judith and Boaz, to the youngest of the Judean date palms - Uriel and Jonah are the youngest (first to second centuries AD). The first dates to ripen came from a palm tree named Hannah, which was grown from a seed about 10 years ago. The remaining 32 seeds were planted in a quarantined site at the Arava Institute for Environmental Studies in Kibbutz Ketura in southern Israel. Now You Can, Thanks to These Israeli Researchers Researchers celebrate - and sample - the first fruit of palm trees germinated from ancient seeds from the Judean desert Dates tree grown by a 2,000-year-old seed retrieved from archaeological sites in the Judean Desert, in Ketura, Israel, September 2, 2020. Credit: Marcos Shonholtz Nir Hasson Elaine Solowey of the Arava Institute of Environmental Studies with the tree named 'Judith. Its a childrens story about the science and what it represents., Viva Sarah Press is a journalist and speaker. Years ago at Masada, archaeologists found a jar of those ancient date seeds. The Judean date disappeared entirely, and this site is also in terrible danger of destruction. Two of . This seed, among others, was found during the excavations of Masada in the mid 1960s. Dr. Solowey successfully germinated one of these seeds, which sprouted into a young date palm today, Methuselah has a permanent home in the Arava Institute research park on Kibbutz Ketura. So, for the kibbutz, it's a big venture, Sallon said. were collected from Judean desert archaeological sites such as an ancient palace-fortress built by King Herod and caves located in southern Israel at Masada, Qumran, Wadi Makukh, and Wadi Kelt, located in the Judean desert between the Judean Hills and the Dead Sea. In March of this year, she was pollinated using pollen from Methuselah. Five years ago, National Geographic reported that Methuselah was over ten-feet tall and had been used to pollinate a wild modern female date palm. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire. Most of the haul is being kept for science purposes. [22][23], As of June 2021, dates have grown from the pollination of Hannah, one of the female specimens, by Methuselah. A previous experiment with the seeds produced a single male plant that sprouted in 2005 which the researchers named Methuselah. Home Judean Date Palm Grown From 2,000 Year Old Seed Bears Fruit. Both Adam and Jonah have produced flowers. During 19631965, excavations at Herod the Great's palace on Masada, Israel, revealed a cache of date palm seeds preserved in an ancient jar. ( The Arava Institute for Environmental Studies ). {amount} donation plus {fee_amount} to help cover fees. ( Arava Institute for Environmental Studies ). CBN Partners provide hope to those who are suffering! They had experienced a very dry and sheltered environment for millennia. The first of the ancient date seedlings, Methusaleh, is named for the oldest person mentioned in the Bible. Aided by Modern Ingenuity, a Taste of Ancient Judean Dates And then I realized that many of these species had actually disappeared. Prophecy from the Bible is revealing itself as we speak. Call it Canaan, the Levant or the Ancient Near East; the region has always had a troubled history of warfare and invasions. You can use the pits from any fresh dates bought from the grocery store to grow a flourishing date palm. Date palm cultivation is thought to be up to . Now a major discovery has come regarding these projects, from of all places, his bathtub. Hannah was the first female tree. Help us continue to be a voice for truth in the media by supporting CBN News for as little as $1. So valued was the tree that it became recognized as a symbol of good fortune in Judea. Because several seedlings are female, it is hoped that it will be possible to pollinate one or more of the female Judean date palms with the pollen from Methuselah. More than 850,000 date trees grow in Israel. Help us continue to be a voice for truth in the media by supporting CBN News for as little as $1. Methuselah, Adam, and Hannah date back to the first to fourth centuries BCE. If you dont look back to the history you will not see the future. They became symbols of "beauty, precious shade and succulent plenty," Kershner wrote. The Judean Date Palm symbolized ancient Judah and was mentioned in the Bible but when the nation it symbolized was conquered and sent into exile in 70 CE, cultivation of dates in the region began to decline.
Hot And Dirty Martini With Pepperoncini, Michigan State Police Contact Us, Comic Strip Bad News Quotes, 1947 D Wheat Penny Error, Articles J